California Adventure Racing Association

Author - Robert Finlay

Originally posted - Kayak Lake Mead Website 

Video: Forward Stroke and Edging

The forward stroke is obviously the most basic kayaking skill. Yet, I propose that it is probably the least
understood.

There are about 500 forward strokes per mile of paddling. Of course a statement like that requires some
assumptions, if you paddle you know what they are, individual technique, wind conditions, and current only
name a few of the myriad of variables that effect kayak and paddler.

However, if you go out and paddle 10 miles, you have probably executed somewhere in the neighborhood of
5000 forward strokes. If you are new to paddling, it is important to learn an efficient stroke at the onset of
your paddling career. If you are on old hand, it's a good idea to apply some diligence into constantly refining
your forward stroke(s).

There are two broad classifications, or techniques/styles, of forward stroke. With one style, your upper hand
does not cross the kayak's centerline by no more than about a fist's width. This style, sometimes called a
"straight arm" is a bit "old school" but still has applications. With the other style your entire upper forearm
crosses the kayak's centerline, this is generally the best way to paddle mile after mile and is referred to as a
"torso twist".

Author - Robert Finlay

Originally posted - Kayak Lake Mead Website 

Forward Stroke Cadence - An Efficient Forward Stroke for Long Distances
An efficient forward stroke cadence is not what most paddlers think it is. The content of this article is very simple, but follow along because it has a surprising conclusion for both recreational paddlers and adventure race teams.

Discounting wind and current, your kayak moves forward because the power in your forward stroke overcomes
the friction between kayak and water.

I'll define kayak speed as...your power minus friction.

The hull speed of your kayak is an interesting subject. That subject is beyond the scope of this article. Suffice to say, putting your kayak at its upper end speed takes some technique and skill and to keep it there for an extended time takes technique, skill, and fitness.

I'll define maximum paddle power as...skill + technique + fitness.

But it takes about half the power to keep your kayak at a cruising speed, a speed at about one half to two thirds of your kayak's theoretical top speed.

Let's say you have a kayak that can jam along at 6 knots. That 6 knots will require about 0.2 hp (horse power), but there ain't no horse there, that's you. And it is going to be hard to do for long periods of time.

However, with a little practice and study, you can pull your kayak along at 3.5 to 4 knots all day long. (Pulling is what you are really doing with a forward stroke.) This will require only about 0.1 hp of calories, sweat, Gatorade, and desire.